According to the United States Department of the Interior's Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, well decommissioning is a critical process for environmental protection.
After a well has been drilled and utilised for production, it must be safely plugged and sealed in the Outer Continental Shelf, with the production-supporting equipment removed for disposal. This is established right from the start when a company signs a lease for offshore exploration, Right-of-Way or Right-of-Use-and-Easement.
Decommissioning activity in a platform generally relates to two parts -- the topside that can be seen above the waterline, and the mudline substructure that remains between the surface and the seabed. The operational components that make up the topsides are removed to be taken to shore for repurposing. The substructure, on the other hand, is dismantled 15 ft below the mudline before they are transported to shore for commercial purposes or recycling/reinstallation.
In case a structure is kept as it is for conversion to an artificial reef in line with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Artificial Reef Plan, it requires approval from the Regional Supervisor.
A central part of BSEE's decommissioning rules is the 'Idle Iron' policy that is applicable for decommissioned and no longer 'economically viable' operations. This distinction bars inactive facilities from littering the Gulf of America by alarming operators on the urgency of dismantling and disposal responsibilities once non-productive wells have been plugged.
The Idle Iron policy helps safeguard environmental hazards that can result from unremoved topsides and the associated equipment, electronics, wiring, piping and tanks, among others. Also, severe weather conditions like hurricanes can cause idle facilities to leak, giving rise to unwanted risks.
